Sustainable Agriculture

SHALLOT CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES

Detailed guide from soil preparation to high-yield harvesting

Living Conditions

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20-25°C Optimal Temp

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70-80% Soil Moisture

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10-12h Light/day

Seed Preparation

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Bulb Processing Trim roots, peel skin

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Soaking Phosphate 2-3% (2-3h)

Seeds: 40-50kg/1,000m²

Water Demand

Max

Stop watering 1 month before harvest

Shallot

Ascalonicum L

High

Storability

20T

Tons/Ha (Fresh)

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1. Biological Characteristics

Fasciculated roots, prefers loose soil, pH 6-6.5. Drought tolerant, fears waterlogging. Prefers cool weather and light.

Adaptability: 85%

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2. Uses

Spice, pickling. Treats colds, detoxifies (allicin), good for digestion.

Nutrition: 90%

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3. Planting Techniques

Season Sep-Oct (North). Beds 15-20cm high. Spacing 20x15cm. Plant using bulbs.

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Keep Moist

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Mulching

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30-40k/360m²

favorite I. Uses & Value

Shallots are commonly used as a spice. Young leaves and stems, as well as old bulbs, can be used for stir-frying, cooking, marinating food... There is a folk saying:

"A bulb of shallot is worth a pot of meat"

It is believed that eating pork requires shallots. Old shallots are also used for pickling, especially during the Lunar New Year. Dried shallots have excellent storage capabilities, which gives them a significant advantage over green onions.

In medicine: Shallots stimulate digestion. Traditional medicine uses shallots to treat: colds, detoxification, boils, etc. Shallots and garlic contain the antibacterial substance allicin, so eating them is very beneficial for preventing flu and respiratory infections in winter.

spa II. Biological Characteristics

Root system: Fasciculated roots, distributed mainly in the topsoil layer. The root system can tolerate drought but cannot tolerate waterlogging.
Stem: The true stem is very short, called the basal plate. The false stem consists of enlarged leaf sheaths containing nutrients, which form the bulb when mature.
Leaves: Tubular, hollow, round, 30 - 40cm long, green, with a thin layer of wax on the surface.

Climate: Prefers cool climates, can tolerate cold.
Light: Light-loving plant.
Soil: Prefers loose, humus-rich soil, neutral pH from 6 - 6.5 (can tolerate pH 5 - 5.5).

agriculture III. Cultivation Techniques

1. Season

Red River Delta & Northern Midlands:
- Early loading: Early September (choose high fields, good drainage).
- Main season: Mid-September to mid-October.
Southern Provinces: Should be planted in the dry season, cool weather.

2. Soil and Fertilizer

Soil: Should rotate with wet rice. Plough thoroughly, loose, weed-free. Beds 1.1 - 1.2m wide, 15 - 20cm high, furrows 25 - 30cm wide.

Fertilizer norm for 1,000m²:

check_circle Decomposed Manure: 1.5 - 2 tons
check_circle Nitrogen (Urea): 13 - 15kg
check_circle Superphosphate: 30 - 45kg
check_circle Potassium Chloride: 15 - 20kg

* Basal dressing: All organic fertilizer + phosphate + 1/3 potassium (mix well into soil at a depth of 7-10cm).
* Tip: Using decomposed poultry manure (composted 5-6 months) is very effective. Never use fresh manure.

3. Planting Technique

Seeds: Need 40 - 50kg seed bulbs/1,000m². Choose old bulbs, trim roots, peel outer skin (do not peel all the silk skin). Soak in 2-3% Superphosphate solution for 2-3 hours.
Density: Spacing 20 x 15cm or 15 x 15cm (33,000 - 48,000 plants/1,000m²).
Planting: Press the shallot bulb down to a depth of about 2/3 of the bulb. Cover with fine soil.
Mulching: After planting, cover the bed surface with straw/garbage mulch to keep moisture and limit weeds.

4. Care & Pest Control

Watering

Water twice a day (morning, afternoon) until sprouting. Then keep moist regularly (furrow or ladle watering). Stop watering 3-4 weeks before harvest.

* Do not water late in the afternoon. Critical periods: 35-40 days, 50 days, 60 days after planting.

Top Dressing

Apply 3-4 times (20-25 days, 35-40 days, 50 and 60 days after planting). Dilute concentration 1-2%, pour 7-10cm away from the base. Rinse leaves with water after fertilizing.

* Note: Supplement Potassium on day 50 and 60 to form bulbs.

Pests & Diseases: Shallots are prone to leaf tip blight, downy mildew. Leaf tip blight requires crop rotation and balanced fertilization.

inventory_2 IV. Harvest & Storage

Timing: 120 - 130 days after planting. When leaves near the base turn yellow and the upper part wilts.
Pre-harvest: Let the field dry 1 month before.
Harvesting: Pull up the whole plant, shake off soil. Spread on the ground to dry the skin (if weather is dry).
Storage: Tie in bunches of 1-2kg, dry in light sun until stems and leaves are dry, skin turns cockroaches brown. Hang in a cool, dry, elevated place (preferably where there is kitchen smoke).
Yield: Average 15 - 20 tons fresh/ha.

Fertilizer (for 1,000m²)

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1.5-2 Tons Decomposed Manure

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13-15 kg Urea Nitrogen

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30-45 kg Superphosphate

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15-20 kg Potassium Chloride

Growth Process (120-130 Days)

Planting & Care

Day 1-20 - Bulb processing, plant 2/3 bulb, mulch.

Top Dressing

Day 20-60 - 3-4 times. Day 50, 60 apply K for bulbs.

Bulb Development

Day 60-100 - Keep moist, prevent pests (tip blight).

Harvesting

Day 120-130 - Leaves yellow, wilt. Dry skin.